No, Surface deformer will be very awkward to control. I would try polygon pen / poly snap onto the surface of a sphere to create a flat version of the shapes, starting at the centre with the triangle bits and working back from there. Make sure those have enough polys to adequately deform around the sphere. You could make 1 of those and then try place tool to get rotatable copies. When I have all of the shapes in place flat I might get a spherize deformer involved to make sure they are circular, and then it's just a case of adding thickness after that (Extrude should do it), and then making the points, where of course the thickness goes down to a point, which is why we can't do it parametrically via thickness generator etc.
CBR