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4 main stages to this:
1. Make sure the object you want to explode has loads of segments, then use Explosion deformer set to 0.001 strength to separate the polygons, and Current State to Object that and save the original in case you want to do a 1 frame visibility swap-out using it.
2. Put that new object into Fracture, set its mode to Explode Segments, and give it a Bullet (rigid body) dynamics tag with a collision mode of moving mesh. Pop to Project settings / dynamics and turn gravity down to zero.
3. Add Bullet Collider tag to the surrounding object and set its collision mode to static mesh.
4. Now, when you press play the segments in that object will react to whatever forces you throw at them. Use a positive attractor to suck them offstage and a negative one at object centre to explode them. Optionally add Turbulence or Wind forces. Animate the strength of those forces with keyframes throughout the animation to control things as you need...
CBR